Pain and Suffering Explained

What matters

Non-economic harm is personal and evidence-driven. Daily limitations, symptom duration, treatment, consistency, and credible observations matter more than a universal multiplier.

Records to gather

  • Treatment notes and symptom history
  • A dated activity-impact journal
  • Statements from people who observed specific changes

Questions to answer

  • Which activities changed and for how long?
  • What limitations are documented by providers?
  • Are claimed effects consistent across records?

Avoid this mistake

Relying on a generic calculator can make a serious claim look unsupported or exaggerated.

Keep the state question visible

Procedure, definitions, coverage, and deadlines can change by jurisdiction.

Choose a state

Primary sources to check

Begin with the current statute text, the relevant court's rules and filing information, and any agency material tied to the defendant or insurance issue.

Source links checked August 29, 2026. A source page is a starting point; the controlling text and current court rules still need to be read.