Product Liability Theories

What matters

A product case may focus on manufacture, design, warning, instructions, distribution, repair, or warranty. The theory affects the proof that must be preserved.

Records to gather

  • The product in unchanged condition
  • Packaging, manuals, receipts, serial and lot numbers
  • Recall, repair, incident, and expert-inspection records

Questions to answer

  • Who designed, made, sold, installed, or repaired it?
  • Was the product altered after sale?
  • What safer design or warning issue is alleged?

Avoid this mistake

Discarding or testing the product without a preservation plan can damage the ability to prove what failed.

Keep the state question visible

Procedure, definitions, coverage, and deadlines can change by jurisdiction.

Choose a state

Primary sources to check

Begin with the current statute text, the relevant court's rules and filing information, and any agency material tied to the defendant or insurance issue.

Source links checked August 29, 2026. A source page is a starting point; the controlling text and current court rules still need to be read.